Our species has survived and even thrived through many cycles of significant climate change. Some locales and societies don't, but enough always have. We've also survived and thrived in most every climate zone on the planet, from desert to arctic. It will take something pretty drastic to actually make us extinct. But that could happen. We're not special that way, we could go extinct like countless other species before us have.
Regarding ecological systems self-regulation ('repair'), first off, let's not confuse weather with climate. Second off, pre-industrial weather patterns - and climate cycles - were not necessarily 'stable', at least not long-term compared to our recent times. We are just coming out of about the most stable ~500 years climate and weather in a long, long time. What NASA or anyone else says is irrelevant to larger systems. It's not all about us. Though much of our trouble comes from thinking it is.
I know what "the enlightenment" was, historically speaking. Consequences of that so-called "enlightenment" in one small part of the world, and of that part of the world imposing it on everyone else via conquest, colonization, genocide, forced assimilation, etc. have been accumulating since then, and have led to what I described in my original comment.